INDEPENDENCE GROUP NL SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2018

vehicles, this ratio will change, as will total demand). Around 90% of end-of-life stainless steel is recycled into new stainless steel without loss of quality (see this website for more information www.worldstainless.org ). The end- of-life recycling rate for all nickel is estimated between 57% and 63%, cobalt is estimated at 68% and copper between 43% and 53% (http://www.resourcepanel.org/ reports/recycling-rates-metals). Based on the latest data published by the World Gold Council (www.gold.org/research/ gold-demand-trends/gold- demand-trends-full-year-2017/ supply), approximately 26% of all gold supplied to the market comes from recycling. Approximately 90% of recycled gold comes from jewellery and 10% from electronic goods and industrial sources. Only about 5% of all gold ever mined is unaccounted for. Disposal End of Life Incineration Dismantling Impact on human health e.g. Metals enter the food web via plant uptake; bioaccumulation may lead to a high intake in animals and humans at the top of the food chain. IGO SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2018— 85

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MjE2NDg3